Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction
A wheelchair ramp is a vital tool for helping your loved ones live at home independently. If they are not designed properly they could be unsafe to use.
ADA regulations require level landings at any changes in direction to avoid compound slopes. They must also provide an area that is grippy for wheelchair users.
Design
The ramp's design must meet the Americans with Disabilities Act standards to allow wheelchairs to move around the structure easily. The ramp slope can't exceed a 1:12 ratio, and the landings have to be level at any change of direction or change in the ramp's surface. It should also be constructed from treated lumber, which is more durable than lumber that is not treated and is able to withstand rain better.
The sides and top of the ramp need to be free of obstacles such as trees, bushes or other structures that could interfere with the safe passage of the ramp's user. The surface of the ramp should be non-slip as well as hard. Some municipalities require that the entire ramp be coated with an anti-slip surface.
For the ramp frame Choose treated lumber that is at least four inches wide. To secure the ramp, build posts that are at least 8 feet apart and extend beyond the level of the ground. Spindles should be used to connect the posts with the ramp's railings. This kind of connection is preferred since it reduces the risk of the ramp operator falling off the edge of the ramp.
Next, build the ramp's frame using Joists that are at minimum 16 inches long and beams that measure 2 by 4 inches. Make sure that the joists are a minimum of 18 inches above ground level and are secured using joist hangers which are nails that hold the inside of the joists and prevent them from slipping out of alignment. Attach the ramp decking using a framing nailer.
Install an upper landing on the doorway to ensure the wheelchair-bound occupants are able to easily maneuver the doorswing. The landing should be wide enough to allow at least 12 to 24 inches of "elbow space" on the handle side for out-swing doors. For doors that swing in the landing should be at least 58 by 60 inches to allow for the threshold and the person in a wheelchair who needs to walk backwards through the doorway.
Install a level landing whenever you change in the direction of the ramp to prevent the need for wheelchairs to slam on their brakes while turning corners. A level landing also makes it easier to move the ramp out of the way, if needed to allow lawnmowers or other equipment can slide under it.
Materials
Aluminium, concrete, or wood can be used to build ramps for wheelchairs. A professional ramp installer can help you choose the best option for your home or office. It is crucial to think about your specific needs and budget when selecting the materials used for the ramp. The ramp must also be easy to maintain and safe to use. Certain cities require the ramp to be laid out with a non-slip, non-slip surface.
Before you purchase any materials or begin building, be sure you have the appropriate permits from your local authority and ensure that you adhere to all building codes within your area. Using the incorrect materials or methods of construction can result in dangerous conditions for wheelchair users. You can find the most up-to-date information regarding construction requirements at the building department of your local government office, library or online.
Wood ramps are often the most affordable alternative for ADA ramp materials. However they need more maintenance. The wood ramp's surface should be treated regularly with a sealer to avoid rot and warping. Wood can splinter and can be dangerous for people using wheelchairs. Wood ramps also require additional support to maintain the structure.
Concrete ramps can be expensive, but are durable and long lasting. They are also heavy, which means more effort to install and makes moving the ramp after it's no longer needed difficult. Concrete ramps are strong enough to support the weight of power wheelchairs.
Aluminum ramps weigh less than steel or concrete, but they have the same strength and resistance to corrosion. They are also more affordable than steel or iron, which makes them an ideal choice for those on a limited budget. Aluminum is a green choice because it is a part of the earth's crust naturally, and is able to be recycled.
The upper ramp's landing needs to be at least 3/8 inch of the door threshold to allow the smaller front wheels of wheelchairs to move over it without becoming stuck. Ramps that have gaps greater than this will not meet ADA standards. It is also important to ensure that the ramp flows smoothly from the upper landing to the ground surface. The ramp's final section should have a beveled edge that will prevent wheelchairs from stopping abruptly when they leave or enter a house.
Installation
A wheelchair ramp is an inclined plane that is installed on top of or in place of steps. It allows wheelchair users as well as those who use carts or strollers to access areas that would otherwise be difficult to access.
When choosing a wheelchair access ramp, there are numerous factors to consider, including the location, height, and cost. The ideal is for a ramp to be placed near the door as possible to avoid unnecessary journeys. It should also be positioned at a level that is easy to use by the person using it. It should be firmly anchored to the floor and free of obstructions, such as car parks, shrubs or other obstacles.
ADA regulations require that ramps must have handrails on either side. The rails must be at minimum 36" apart and have smooth or rounded gripping surface. They must also be attached to the edge of the ramp, and extend 12 inches beyond the ramp. If wheelchair ramp foldable is equipped with switchesbacks or an L-shaped layout, handrails must be continuous between the ramp's edges.
The length of a ramp varies on the incline, but there are a few common ramps that are suitable for most situations. A threshold ramp, for instance is placed flush against the lip of the curb or the threshold of the doorway. Portable ramps are however they can be moved to another place and come in a variety of sizes. There are also modular aluminum ramps that can be constructed on-site. They are typically used for commercial or public spaces and are usually longer than the threshold and ramps that are portable.
Check with your city's construction department to determine whether a permit is required for an enduring ramp. You should also speak to an expert in mobility to determine the type of ramp that is best for your needs and the space. In certain cases the installation of a permanent ramp can even boost the value of your home.
Maintenance
It is essential to maintain your wheelchair ramp especially if it will be used regularly. You'll need to conduct regular inspections, and correct any structural problems as they occur. This will help ensure that the ramp complies with all ADA requirements and is safe for all users.
Regular cleaning of wooden ramps is necessary to get rid of dirt and other debris that can block access. Cleanliness of the ramp will also prevent moisture from accumulating beneath the surface and causing the onset of rot. Preservatives and stains for wood can only be effective when the ramp has been thoroughly cleaned prior to applying.
Wheelchair ramps are more difficult to maintain than other kinds of ramps because they are more susceptible to wear and tear. It is crucial to have the right tools. To ensure that all fixings are secure and secure you'll require an excellent set of screwdrivers and gauge spanners. It is also important to regularly inspect the handrails for signs of corrosion or damage. As time passes, and with repeated use, it's possible that some bolts or fittings that are anchored the handrails to become loose. This could pose a safety concern for anyone who is using the ramp.
Another important factor is ensuring the ramp's surface has enough grip, especially during winter when conditions may be a challenge. You'll need to clean away any dirt, leaves and other debris that may obstruct the surface and cause slippage. It is also recommended to apply an ice melt that's non-corrosive to the ramp surface to prevent slips and injuries.
If you're planning to use your ramp during winter, consider investing in traction wheels or "snow tires" for your wheelchair. These wheels are designed to better track on snowy surfaces and uneven surfaces. They can help you stay on your ramp more effectively than normal wheelchair tires. You can also make use of heating pads or heating tape to melt the ice and snow on the ramp before it builds up.